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FieldNotes: water on Mars, less in California.

The Economic Ornithology of Sunflower Seeds by Ben Young Landis at See. Food. Write.:
Under the yellow pallor of a smoke-filled sky, I walked along the edge of an underworld of sunflowers. I was visiting a sunflower farm in Woodland, California, but a major wildfire was ablaze many miles to the east, casting a ghastly gloom over counties upon counties across the the state’s Central Valley. Some people mistook the gray skies for an overcast day, but the reality was far more grim. In total, the Butte Fire of September 2015 burned more than 70,000 acres (280 square kilometers) — more than twice the area of Paris, France — and destroyed at least 475 residences and claiming two human lives. Filtered through this airborne layer of ash and soot, sunlight takes on an otherworldly, yellowish-orange tint — making this sweeping vista of dying sunflowers appear all the more apocalyptic. Mention sunflowers, and our immediate mental image is one of golden-faced blossoms perched upon proud, green stems. But this field of desiccated stalks looked more like an enormous zombie army, marching in unison with some unholy purpose, heads drooped, a husk of their former, vibrant selves.......
‘Tree of Life’ for 2.3 Million Species Released by Robin A. Smith at Duke Today:
A first draft of the “tree of life” for the roughly 2.3 million named species of animals, plants, fungi and microbes -- from platypuses to puffballs -- has been released. A collaborative effort among eleven institutions, the tree depicts the relationships among living things as they diverged from one another over time, tracing back to the beginning of life on Earth more than 3.5 billion years ago.....
Your Tooth Enamel Might Have Started As Fish Scales by Mary Beth Griggs at Popular Science:
Your pearly-white smile has a fishy origin story. And no, we're not referring to your overuse of tooth whitening products. Actual fish were involved, millions of years ago. Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, protecting your teeth from damage. Enamel is only found on vertebrate teeth, but how it came to armor our mouths remained a bit of a mystery. Now, scientists think they might have found an answer in 400 million-year-old fish scales. In a paper published today in Nature, researchers found that a shiny substance in fish scales called ganoine is related to enamel. .....
As Sea Ice Melts, Antarctic Seafloor Life Flourishes by Douglas Main at Newsweek:
One of the more alarming prospects of climate change is that it threatens to create so-called “positive feedbacks” that are likely to make warming worse. As vast chunks of sea ice melt, for example, they leave swathes of open water that are less reflective than the ice, and therefore absorb more heat. This leads to more warming......




When It Comes To Science In Movies, Attitude Is As Important As Accuracy by Chad Orzel at Forbes:
....I’m fine with books and movies bending known science a bit for the sake of a good story. I would add one element to this, though, which is the attitude that the movie and the characters in it bring to the science. I think in many ways, that attitude is as important as the actual science portrayed on-screen. I obviously haven’t seen The Martian yet– though if any studio types are reading this and would like to send me to a preview screening, shoot me an email, we’ll talk– but I’ve recently read Andy Weir’s book, and have high hopes for the movie on the attitude front......
A New Diagnosis by Cynthia L. Mills at Dog-Ma’s:
Recently there has been talk of requiring veterinarians to report suspected animal abuse, just as doctors and nurses are required to report possible child abuse. I see this as appropriate, but I also see this as a conundrum, especially in the case of animal hoarding. Animal hoarders, for the most part, would not dream of harming their pets. They describe themselves and are described by others as animal lovers and rescuers. They despise abuse. Yet they, in so many cases, practice it......
Rite to Die: Sallekhanā and End of Life by Layla Eplett at Food Matters:
The Jain belief that nearly everything--even plants--has a soul and their adherence to nonviolence factors into their taking the vow of Sallekhanā, explains Dr. Whitny Braun, a bioethicist at Claremont Lincoln University. She has spent nine years researching Jainism and a book based off her dissertation on the subject is anticipated to be published in 2016. According to Braun, “Philosophically and logistically in life, the only way to be completely nonviolent is to stop taking other lifeforms and the only way to completely stop taking life forms is to not consume them. So for Jains, the ultimate way to exit this life is to stop eating, to stop taking those lifeforms.”.................
The Window Operation: Hope through Surgery by Jaipreet Virdi-Dhesi at REMEDIA:
...........A 44 year-old female patient, nearly stone-deaf for half her life, laid upon the operating table. Two dental drills covered with sterile linen sleeves hung over the table, prepared and ready. The surgeon, a wispy, small man with a bushy pompadour underneath his surgeon’s cap, signaled to the anesthetist that the procedure was about to begin. Turning on his headlamp, the surgeon focused a powerful, pencil-thin stream of illumination on the patient’s right ear. Then he began the first incision on her outer ear, creating an opening the size of a small coin. Taking one of the drills, the surgeon devoured the tough mastoid bone, slowly proceeding for half an hour until he was able to expose the bony labyrinth of the inner ear. This was to be the new window that would, hopefully, restore sound vibrations and enable the patient to hear............




There is flowing water on Mars!
NASA confirms that liquid water flows on Mars by Loren Grush at The Verge
Mars has flowing rivers of briny water, NASA satellite reveals by Nsikan Akpan at PBS NewsHour
The Long and Arduous Quest to Find Flowing Water on Mars May Be Over by Alfred S. McEwen at Scientific American
NASA Finds “Strong” Evidence For Water On Mars by Kelly Oakes at BuzzFeed
Water on Mars: Astrobiology Implications Must be Taken with a Grain of Salt by David Warmflash at Visionlearning
If there is liquid water on Mars, no one—not even NASA—can get anywhere near it by Akshat Rathi at Quartz
Water Flows on Mars Today, NASA Announces by Clara Moskowitz at Scientific American
Why NASA Didn't Just Send Over A Rover To Look For Water On Mars by Joe Palca at The Two-Way



And if that is not enough, more readings for later this weekend:


The Dark Side of Empathy by Paul Bloom at The Atlantic
by Jamil Zaki at The New Yorker
Interview with Corvid Cognition Researcher Claudia Wascher at Animal Cognition
Five Sea Creatures to Really Freak Out the Boston Fish Bros by Elizabeth Preston at Inkfish
Science on a shoestring: how to get results despite massive budget cuts by Dean Burnett at Brain flapping
The extraordinary case of the Guevedoces by Michael Mosley at BBC
Yet another survey suggests the climate change ‘debate’ is settled among scientists by Chelsea Harvey at Washington Post
Melatonin Linked to Seasonal Relapses of Multiple Sclerosis by Diana Kwon at Scientific American
Blood test can prevent suicide? How to prevent “biomarker porn” by Andrew Porterfield at Genetic Literacy Project
Time to Rethink the Reconsolidation Theory of Memory? by Neuroskeptic at Neuroskeptic
Where In Our Solar System Are We Most Likely To Find Life? by Ethan Siegel at Forbes
Precision Medicine: Much More Than Just Genetics by Ricki Lewis, PhD at DNA Science Blog
Giant Megaphones Built In Estonian Forest Amplify the Sounds of Nature by Olivia Harrison at Mental Floss
Here's how much of the world would need to be covered in solar panels to power Earth by Rebecca Harrington at Tech Insider



Freedom and truth in mathematics by Gianluigi Filippelli at Doc Madhattan
Throwback Thursday: Logic Is No Match For Science by Ethan Siegel at Starts With A Bang!
The one thing I teach that nobody ever forgets by Stephen Heard at Scientist Sees Squirrel
Coffeeshop Science by Ann Finkbeiner at The Last Word On Nothing
The Hunt for Mona Lisa's Bones Is A Publicity Stunt, Not Science by Kristina Killgrove at Forbes
Genetic Secrets of the Last Truly Wild Horses by Douglas Main at Newsweek
Academics: leave your ivory towers and pitch your work to the media by Kristal Brent Zook at Impact of research




It’s Twins! Two Embryos in One Anolis sagrei Egg by Ambika Kamath at Anole Annals
Most doctors are not scientists, Ben Carson paper bag edition by Orac at Respectful Insolence
Visions of Future Physics by Natalie Wolchover at Quanta Magazine
What's the best time to make love? An Oxford University sleep expert shares some tips by Rozina Sabur at Telegraph
The Role Of Organic Pesticides In California by Steven Savage at Forbes
What Cuba Can Teach Us About Food and Climate Change by Raj Patel at Slate (see also: Alternative Agriculture in Cuba by Sara Oppenheim at AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST)



Here’s the Evolution-Questioning ‘Sticker’ Alabama Puts on Its Biology Textbooks by Zoë Schlanger at Newsweek
Population structure and recombination by Charles Goodnight at Evolution in Structured Populations
Volkswagen and the Era of Cheating Software by Zeynep Tufekci at NYTimes
How Different Cultures Understand Time by Richard Lewis at Business Insider
Healing Spas and Ugly Clubs: How Victorians Taught Us to Treat People With Disabilities by Lisa Hix at Collectors Weekly
How the enamel that coats your teeth evolved by Sid Perkins at Science
Here’s what Ridley Scott has to say about the science in The Martian by Meghna Sachdev at Science
Activists blame scientists, GMOs for dying iconic Italian olive trees, block GM solution by Andrew Porterfield at Genetic Literacy Project
Starting work before 10am isn’t just soul crushing, this scientist says it’s equivalent to torture by TYLER FYFE at The Plaid Zebra
Why bison put their females in charge by Virginia Morell at Science
Communication, Literacy, Policy: Thoughts on SciComm in a Democracy by Rick Borchelt at Keyed In Blog
Are science blogs echo chambers? by Paige Brown Jarreau at From The Lab Bench
Climate Got Your Tongue? by Perrin Ireland at onEarth
Why Is the Man Who Predicted Climate Change Forgotten? by Simon Worrall at National Geographic



How the Body’s Trillions of Clocks Keep Time by Veronique Greenwood at Wired
Statins: Heart disease drug speeds up ageing process, warns new research by Lucy Johnston at Express.co.uk
These animals are male on one side and female on the other by David Robson at BBC
Fighting apatosaur art #4: #MikeTaylorAwesomeDinoArt by Mike Taylor at Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week
Anoles’ Namesake Salamander Rediscovered After 30 Years by Jonathan Losos at Anole Annals
Archimedes’ legendary sphere brought to life by Jo Marchant at Nature
Michael Faraday on Mental Discipline and How to Cure Our Propensity for Self-Deception by Maria Popova at Brain Pickings
3-D Printing’s Next Act: Nerve Regeneration by Mike Orcutt at MIT Technology Review




Camera Traps: Setup for Success by On Assignment at Nat Geo Travel
The AP will no longer use “skeptics” to describe people who don’t believe in climate change by Olivia Goldhill at Quartz
Introduction to Molecular and Genome Evolution by Dan Graur at Judge Starling
Causation vs Correlation by Rebecca Goldin at STATS blog
Shaky science: 9 Retracted Studies That Left a Big Mark by Mihai Andrei at ZME Science



Data “Overflow” Compromising Science? by Bob Grant at The Scientist
Publish or perish culture encourages scientists to cut corners by Virginia Barbour at The Conversation
Interdisciplinary research by the numbers by Richard Van Noorden at Nature
Archaeologists Discover 7-Pound Calcified Uterus in British Cemetery by Megan Gannon at Mental Floss
My Son Has the Kind of Autism No One Talks About by Bonnie Zampino at HuffPo Parents
Sumatran rhinos likely to become extinct, conservationists warn by Adam Vaughan at Guardian
Declining Student Resilience: A Serious Problem for Colleges by Peter Gray at Freedom to Learn
Let’s Talk X-rays by Doctor Ramey at David Ramey, DVM
More Doubts Over The Oxytocin And Trust Theory by Neuroskeptic at Neuroskeptic
Ancient hominid ears were tuned to high frequencies by Bruce Bower at Science News
Homo naledi: determining the age of fossils is not an exact science by John Hawks at The Conversation
Using Science to Make Government Work Better by Sam McNerney, Jon M. Jachimowicz and Dave Nussbaum at MIND Guest Blog
Ignoring science isn't just a Republican problem. It's an American problem. by Dan Rather at Mashable
A Beetle Utopia on an Artist's Conk Fungus by Jennifer Frazer at The Artful Amoeba



It’s alive!! Study adds to evidence that viruses are alive by Dr. Jekyll at Lunatic Laboratories
Harry Potter Magic Comes to Life by Victoria Barker at ScicommLSU
Hearing Loss Costs Far More Than Ability to Hear by JANE E. BRODY at Well
Homo naledi fossil discovery a triumph for open access and education by John Hawks at The Conversation
Can Vitamin B Cure Deafness? by Jaipreet Virdi-Dhesi at From the Hands of Quacks
What Archaeologists Really Think About Ancient Aliens, Lost Colonies, And Fingerprints Of The Gods by Kristina Killgrove at Forbes
Are science blogs echo chambers? by Paige Brown Jarreau at From The Lab Bench
Vaccinating boys against cervical cancer? by Susanne Dambeck at Lindau Blog
Dan Rather emerges as an ally for science by Ulli Hain at Science Extracted
Sex not as simple as X and Y by Andrew Porterfield at Genetic Literacy Project



The Winners of the 3QD Science Prize 2015 by Nick Lane at 3 Quarks Daily
Fighting apatosaur art #5: Mark Witton by Mike Taylor at Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week
Zoltan Takacs’s venomous vision by Peter Hess at Scienceline
Queer in STEM by Jeremy Yoder at Genes to Genomes
Editor’s Selection: “The Martian” is a Transcendent Sci-Fi Opus by Jovana Grbic at ScriptPhD
Lizard Playground Dedicated to Anole Happiness and Fitness by Jonathan Losos at Anole Annals
National Science Foundation Grant Enables Arizona State University to Develop SciStarter 2.0 to Advance Citizen Science by Dr. Caren Cooper, Ira Bennett and Steve Gano at Citizen Science Salon




AP News Caves to Right-Wing: Will No Longer Use Term ‘Climate Change Denier’: Will Use ‘Climate Change Doubter’ by K.J. McElrath at Ring of Fire
Open Science and Innovation: Of the People, By the People, For the People by Jenn Gustetic, Kristen Honey, and Lea Shanley at The White House blog
Writing Young: Crafting Science Stories for Kids by Elizabeth Preston at The Open Notebook
What is the “science of science communication”? by Dan Kahan at JCOM
Values Argument: GMOs a Concern Since Farming is Remote by Hank Campbell at ACSH
Ears of early humans could hear frequencies used in speech by Sam Wong at New Scientist
These fish would rather walk by Susan Milius at Science News



Why Do Narcissists Lose Popularity Over Time? by Scott Barry Kaufman at Beautiful Minds
Fighting apatosaur art #6: the ones that got away by Mike Taylor at Sauropod Vertebra Picture of the Week
Citizen Science at the White House by Caren Cooper at Citizen Science Salon
Curiously Feathered Dinosaurs by Glendon Mellow at Symbiartic
A Day without Cars Draws Attention to Urban Environments and Health by Melissa C. Lott at Plugged In
Science of the People, by the People and for the People by Caren Cooper at SA Guest Blog
What we can learn from a PLOS Medicine study of antidepressants and violent crime by James Coyne PhD at Mind the Brain
Love thy enemy's enemy: why hummingbirds nest near hawks by GrrlScientist at GrrlScientist
Has Science Realized This 350-Year-Old Alchemist Wish List? by Joanna Klein at Nautilus
Media and organic created myth: UN endorses small-scale organic farming over biotech by Iida Ruishalme at Genetic Literacy Project
Gene-edited 'micropigs' to be sold as pets at Chinese institute by David Cyranoski at Nature
Jerry Coyne retires by Larry Moran at Sandwalk
E.O. Wilson explains why parks and nature are really good for your brain by Chris Mooney at The Washington Post
Exclusive Video: First "Glowing" Sea Turtle Found by Jane J. Lee at National Geographic



Brawny Bones Reveal Medieval Hungarian Warriors Were Accomplished Archers by at Forbes
Jurassic Pork: What Could a Jewish Time Traveler Eat? by Roy E. Plotnick, Jessica M. Theodor and Thomas R. Holtz at Evolution: Education and Outreach
New Dinosaur Species Probably Endured Snow and Darkness for Months on End by Allison Eck at NOVAnext
Marvels of illusion: illusion and perception in the art of Salvador Dali by Susana Martinez-Conde, Dave Conley, Hank Hine, Joan Kropf, Peter Tush, Andrea Ayala and Stephen L. Macknik at Front. Hum. Neurosci.



Previously in this series:

FieldNotes: a view to spotted horses in the morning
FieldNotes: The Word For World is Blue (or is it Gold?)
FieldNotes: Golden Mean, polite middle-ground, and optimal numbers of legs.
FieldNotes: speeding up and slowing down time
FieldNotes: from Captain Ahab to Jeff Goldblum, chasing the giants
FieldNotes: this is not your grandparents' neuroscience!
FieldNotes: Brontosaurus in, Food Babe out.
FieldNotes: Rogue Microwave Ovens Call Home
FieldNotes: Let the sleeping apes lie
FieldNotes: one thing leads to another leads to another
FieldNotes: Seductive Allure of Seductive Allure of Neuroscience Explanations
FieldNotes: do African horses do flehmen at the sight of Derby hats?
FieldNotes: How The Bird Got Its Beak
FieldNotes: When Snakes Had Legs...
FieldNotes: Only before the bicameral mind evolved could people fall for Bohannon's cheap stunts
FieldNotes: Water, fire, origin of life, origin of cooking.
FieldNotes: Jurassic World, and other strange animals...
FieldNotes: Honey Badger Don’t Care!
FieldNotes: Hallucigenia is back on its head again.
FieldNotes: Poisonous and grieving quail, reclusive rail, and giants!
FieldNotes: When Snark was a Boojum
FieldNotes: In a grip of the legs of a snake
FieldNotes: Cecil and grief
FieldNotes: Science Notes and high school start times
FieldNotes: Earthly Octopus Genome, and Elephant Tracking
FieldNotes: Amplituhedron and the dissection of cats
FieldNotes: Oliver Sacks, and irreproducible psychology
FieldNotes: Hand-drawn biology, wearing rubber gloves, and the invention of the submarine
FieldNotes: Homo naledi, #‎IStandWithAhmed‬ and NatGeo Fox
FieldNotes: Circadian Rhythms in the brain, body and sea




Images:
Open Tree of Life, Duke.


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